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No. 97 HEALTH, EDUCATION, RECREATION 


; 1 


A 8>%ft rnh ffatnnttr 
JFTuttrlli uf 3«lt| 



PREPARED BY THE 

COMMITTEE ON INDEPENDENCE DAY CELEBRATIONS 
OF THE ART DEPARTMENT 

NEW JERSEY STATE FEDERATION OF WOMEN’S CLUBS 


& 



Reprinted with Permission of the Author 
by the 

Department of Chiid Hygiene, 
Russell Sage Foundation 


400 Metropolitan Tower, New York City 




































Vv. . .... 

/ ' ' V • >*/ 








JMBS 




Although this pamphlet was prepared primarily for 
use in the State of Hew Jersey t it contains many sug¬ 
gestions that can be used to advantage in other States. 

The Department of Child Hygiene of the Russell 
Sage foundation has arranged to have extra copies printed 
for use throughout the United States, in the campaign 
for a better celebration of Independence Day. 


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•• ' 










































































- 

; 








• • 

































A mi Jfatrmttr 
Sfaurtlj nf July 

PREPARED BY THE 

Committee on Independence Day Celebrations of the 

Art Department 

New Jersey State Federation of Women's Clubs 

Mrs. Wallace: J. PelEger, Sub-Chairman, 

7 Alpine: Place:, Arlington, N. J. 

Mrs. Herbert H. Dawson, Secretary.Arlington 

Mrs. George Berdine .New Brunswick 

Mrs. Harry Campton . .Orange 

Miss Grace M. Davis ....Newark 

Mrs. Amalia E. DuBois .Bayonne 

Mrs. W. C. Eakins .Arlington 

Mrs. Clarence Freeman .Glen Ridge 

Miss Marilla Waite Freeman .Newark 

Mrs. William F. Groves .Elizabeth 

Miss Kate L. Hamilton .Newark 

Mrs. George I. Jewell . Arlington 

Mrs. Charles Latham . Arlington 

Miss Annie Olcott Payne .Arlington 

Mrs. Francis Pell .Newark 

Miss Kate Louise Roberts .Newark 

Mrs. Emma F. Spear .Metuchen 

Miss Adaline W. ? Sterling .East Orange 

Mrs. Alan H. Strong .New Brunswidc 

Mrs. John O. Totten .Passaic 

Mrs. Robert Ward .South Orange 

Mrs. John R. Weeks .South Orange 























V 


PREFACE 


The importance of a “safe and sane” Independence Day 
needs no argument. The aim of this booklet is to offer to those 
who are seeking material for such an occasion, gleanings from 
the experience of others who have achieved success in this direc¬ 
tion, and to assist any who desire to arrange suitable pageantry 
in finding amid the treasures of New Jersey history scenes 
appropriate for representation. It is not expected that everything 
herein mentioned could be undertaken at once. It would be 
preferable to plan first a simple celebration, and to enlarge the 
scheme a second year, rather than to overwork, and consequently 
discourage, the helpers in the beginning. 

The Fourth of July is a day dear to the hearts of children. 
Their pleasure and welfare should first be considered. Dangerous 
pastimes must be replaced by a celebration which shall stimulate 
their patriotism and which shall also be delightful to them. It 
is hoped that evening displays of fireworks will universally be 
omitted. Agonizing deaths have on several occasions been caused, 
and multitudes of lives threatened thereby. Wherever these 
explosives are manufactured, stored or used, danger exists. An 
Independence Day cannot be wholly “sane” if they are included 
in its program. An abundance of other pleasures may easily be 
substituted. 

This Committee is indebted to citizens of Bayonne, Newark, 
Dover and Metuchen, N. J., and of other cities and towns, in 
several of which successful celebrations have already been held, 
for many of the following suggestions. 


2 


Pi..:, . 

SEf ***** 



&ugg*Bti0ttfl for tljr fflanagrmrnl of an 
SJniurprnibrntr Say (ErUbratixm 


A meeting should be called for the purpose of forming an 
Independence Day Association, invitations to which are extended 
to the officials of the town (including the chief of the fire depart¬ 
ment), to the presidents of all local organizations, and to other 
representative citizens, both men and women, as desired. The 
usual officers should be elected as in other bodies, and the time 
and place of regular meetings arranged. The president should 
appoint the chairmen of working committees. Each chairman 
may choose the members of his or her own committee, securing 
the services of boys and girls with the adults wherever possible. 
The following or similar committees may be appointed, according 
to the needs of the occasion: 

Committees on (1) Ordinance, (2) Finance, (3) Arrange¬ 
ments, (4) Printing and Advertising, (5) Music, (6) Speakers 
and Entertainments, (7) Parade, (8) Playgrounds, (9) Refresh¬ 
ments, (10) Drinking Water, (11) Uniforms, (12) Prizes, (13) 
Schools, (14) Red Cross, (15) Police, (16) Hospitality. 

Each Committee will plan its own portion of the work, 
estimating expense, and will report at a general meeting of the 
Association. These plans must be approved, and the funds then 
apportioned to each as needed. 

1. The Committee on Ordinance should consist of officials 
of the town, who shall enact and enforce an ordinance prohibiting 
explosives, in order that safety for life and property may be 
secured, wherever this has not previously been accomplished. 

2. The Committee on Finance (of which the treasurer may 
he chairman) should collect funds to defray the expense of the 
celebration. For the securing of subscriptions, a large number of 
small blank books, uniform and distinctive in color, may be 
issued, with the following inscription upon a fly-leaf, in all cases 
personally signed by the treasurer of the Association: 

This is to certify that the bearer (giving name) is authorized 
to collect funds for the Independence Day Association, to be 
used for a safe and sane celebration of the Fourth of July. 

3 



Generous contributions may often be secured from business 
firms; in obtaining these a committee of women will usually gain 
a readier access and meet with a more liberal response, than one 
of men. Funds may be raised by a canvass from house to 
house. People of all classes and nationalities should be en¬ 
couraged to contribute according to their ability, even if only a 
penny, for all will then feel an interest in the occasion. Successful 
municipal celebrations have been arranged with an expenditure 
of from $600 to $1,000. If each family will devote to this 
cause the amount hitherto expended for fireworks, there will be 
no lack of money for a glorious celebration. 

3. The Committee on Arrangements may secure play¬ 
grounds, parks, or vacant lots with shade trees, for the use of 
children, providing, also, shelter in case of rain, which may be 
in school buildings or public halls; may arrange athletic sports, 
request the decoration and evening illumination of all homes 
and business houses, attend to the decoration of streets, secure 
flags, badges, and red, white and blue cheese cloth, or bunting, 
for use as needed. In cities, festivities should be scattered in 
several locations to prevent large crowds. 

4. The Committee on Printing and Advertising may place 
in conspicuous locations large posters announcing the celebration 
a couple of weeks in advance; may insert notices in the loca 1 
papers with large and attractive headlines; may attend to the 
printing of programs, and of patriotic songs, if these are to be 
distributed. 

5. The Committee on Music may engage bands of music 
for both day and evening; may gather members of choirs and 
other people who sing into choral societies, and people who play 
musical instruments into symphony societies, which shall furnish 
music for this occasion and may also become permanent centers 
of musical culture in their communities. 

6. The Committee on Speakers and Entertainments may 
secure persons who shall give brief addresses; may arrange 
historical entertainments (to take place out of doors wherever 
possible, with nature as a setting), or stereopticon exhibitions, 
which might easily be given where a pageant is not feasible. A 
set of one hundred or more historical slides, accompanied by a 
typewritten lecture, may be obtained from the Daughters of the 

4 


Revolution of New Jersey upon application to their secretary. 
Mrs. Robert Ward, 135 Raymond Avenue, South Orange, N. J. 

7. The Committee on Parade may arrange and approve 
plans for floats and other details of the parade; may drill boys 
to march in military step; may invite labor unions, and all other 
organizations, schools, business houses, the press, the law, etc., 
to enter floats. Merchants and manufacturers may thus exhibit 
their wares in a decorative way. Attention should be attracted 
by the quality and beauty of the float, not by obtrusive display 
of words. No uncouth advertisement should be permitted. Each 
should submit his plan to the committee for approval, and should 
realize that an artistic float will be a better investment than the 
same value consumed in fireworks. Let it also be made plain 
that a celebration of this nature will bring business to a town, 
as the residents of the surrounding country come to witness or 
to join in the festivities. Articles suggestive of one’s business 
may be formed of a mass of flowers as the chief decoration of a 
float; for example, a shoe merchant might exhibit an immense 
floral shoe, accompanied by persons representing the “old woman 
who lived in a shoe” of Mother Goose fame and her numerous 
little folk. A pergola covered with wild grape vines and flowers 
would suggest the vineyards of southern New Jersey. Leather 
industries may decorate with skins, interspersed with flowers or 
the national colors. Schools and others may represent scenes 
from local as well as state and national history. Foreign citizens 
may show their handiwork or the costumes of their native lands, 
decorating with their national flags surmounted by the stars and 
stripes of America. The fire department may contribute an 
engine and hose cart trimmed with the colors or with flowers. 

In decorating a carriage or a float the arrangement of flow¬ 
ers or draperies should follow the outlines of the vehicle. The 
shafts of wagons, the spokes of wheels, the harness of horses 
and the poles of banners may be covered or wound with colors. 
Bunches of flowers may be fastened to the spokes at equal dis¬ 
tances from the rim of a wheel, their stems kept moist with 
damp cotton. Blooming plants in boxes may be placed along 
the edges of a float, and other flowers of the same kind and color 
massed among them, their stems inserted in vials of water to 


5 


prevent wilting. An automobile decorated entirely with white, 
and another with yellow daisies would be effective. A large 
number of paper roses could be made by school children and 
utilized in the same way. Saddle blankets for horses may be 
made of gay material. 

A parade may be headed by mounted police, who shall 
clear the way, followed by a grand marshal and officers of the 
Independence Day Association and of the town; after these, a 
band playing military music, the national guards, other military 
organizations, and then the floats. The procession may be re¬ 
viewed by the clergy, the Board of Education, the Superintendent 
of Schools, the Prize Committee, and other citizens. 

8. The Committee on Playgrounds may call a meeting of 
the children in each section of the town, giving them an oppor¬ 
tunity to choose their amusements. They will be happier if they 
may help to formulate plans, and if kept busy when the gala 
day arrives. Each playground should be well supervised by 
members of the committee. Plenty of noise and shouting should 
be allowed, and as many harmless pleasures provided as possible. 
The children may appear in costume, representing historical char¬ 
acters, Uncle Sam, Mother Goose, or anything they choose. 
Prizes may be given for the best impersonations. Boys who 
have Indian suits may wear them and erect wigwams. Bows and 
arrows should not be permitted, as children often forget that they 
must not aim at one another. A pony or goat cart may be se¬ 
cured, to give short rides to the little ones. Swings, a fish pond, 
quoits, games like London bridge and blind-man’s but?, folk 
dances and flag drills will furnish entertainment. Kites may fly 
and gas balloons ascend instead of fire balloons, which endanger 
property and should be prohibited. Children may make para¬ 
chutes by cutting circular pieces of red, white and blue paper 
about two feet in diameter, folding each like an umbrella, attach¬ 
ing a string two feet long to the outer end of each fold, and 
fastening the other ends of these strings together, with a spool, 
or similar light article, as a weight. These may float down from 
some elevation. Soap bubble pipes or tin blowers may be pro¬ 
vided (each child to keep his own as a souvenir), with bowls 
of soap-suds to each of which have been added a tablespoonful 
of glycerine and a half teaspoonful of sugar. This will give 

6 


greater size and durability to the bubbles. 

A couple of clowns would furnish endless amusement. A 
sleight-of-hand performer and a Punch and Judy show may 
visit playgrounds at certain times during the day, the hour of 
arrival at each to be advertised beforehand so that none of the 
little folk may miss the treat. Patriotic songs may be sung at 
frequent intervals. A band or a few orchestral instruments may 
also furnish music. Children may bring box luncheons for a 
midday picnic. Ice-cream, lemonade and small bags of peanuts 
may be on sale. Plenty of pure drinking water with sanitary 
cups must be provided. 

9. The Committee on Refreshments may prepare and sell 
at the noon intermission sandwiches (well wrapped in paraffined 
paper), tea, coffee, lemonade, sarsaparilla, etc.; may secure a 
confectioner who shall sell ice-cream, of good quality only, in 
cones or otherwise, and cakes if desired. Peanut, pop-corn and 
fruit venders may also be given licenses to sell their wares. 
Tickets for obtaining ice-cream, sandwiches, etc., may be given 
to children previously, through the schools or in some other way, 
in order that all may share equally, whether able to pay for their 
portion or not. Tables may be decorated with red clover, white 
daisies and blue bachelor’s buttons or with small flags. 

10. The Committee on Drinking Water may include mem¬ 
bers of the W. C. T. U., and should supply pure water and 
sanitary cups in church vestibules and other public places through¬ 
out the day and evening. 

11. The Committee on Uniforms may include a tailor who 
shall cut a pattern suit for each variety of uniform. Other mem¬ 
bers may cut from this the garments needed. Children may 
take their suits home to be made, the Committee finishing any 
which cannot be made in that way. Additional costumes may 
often be found in attics. All may be preserved from year to year. 
Boys dressed as minute men may have suits of dark blue paper- 
muslin with buff straps and belts, blue caps and white cotton 
gloves. Brown drilling may represent the homespun of the Revo¬ 
lutionary period. Bright blue cotton may be used for the suits 
of the “Jersey Blues.” Cheese cloth and other inexpensive ma¬ 
terials will make effective costumes. Toy guns, horns, fifes and 
drums may be brought into service. 

7 


12. The Committee on Prizes may provide and award prizes 
to the winners of the games, to the best drilled company of boys 
in the parade, for the best floats, the best decorated buildings, 
the best folk dancing and best costumes. 

13. The Committee on Schools may include the Superin¬ 
tendent of schools, teachers and others who may interest chil¬ 
dren through the presentation of the subject of a sane Fourth 
in all grades of the schools, and who may assist in drilling chil¬ 
dren for historical programs, securing the co-operation of high 
school students in this work. 

14. The Red Cross Committee may divide the town into 
sections in each of which a member should ascertain where there 
are cases of illness. The day before the celebration these houses 
should be marked with large cards bearing a red cross. The 
Police Committee and the leaders in the celebration should be 
notified of their location and all noise in their neighborhood pre¬ 
vented so far as possible. 

15. The Police Committee should include regular police 
officers and Boy Scouts as assistants. A different group of boys 
should serve for each two hours of the day. All misdemeanors 
should be reported to a chief. Boys previously known to possess 
an inclination toward a disturbance of the peace should especially 
be enrolled, if possible, and given responsibilities in maintaining 
good order. For information in regard to forming such an 
organization, address the National Headquarters of the Boy 
Scouts of America, 200 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 

16. The Hospitality Committee should consist of many 
people, young and old, of every rank, who shall look out for 
the welfare of visitors from out of town, and who shall place 
seats at intervals, both near the streets most occupied in the 
celebration, and in vestibules of churches and other public build¬ 
ings, where wearied persons may rest. 


Pageantry and other forms of dramatic representation lend 
themselves especially to Independence Day celebrations. The 
history of no State contains greater wealth of material for this 
purpose than that of New Jersey. It is with the desire of giving 
due honor to the brave heroes and heroines who have made 
possible this land of happy homes and abundant blessings that 

8 



following selections have been made as suitable for repre¬ 
sentation in various ways. Some will best be shown in tableaux, 
some in pantomime, others with recitation. Many of these sub¬ 
jects are described in “Stories of New Jersey,” by Frank R. 
Stockton; in “Ballads of New Jersey in the Revolution,” by 
Charles D. Platt, and in “Patriotic Poems of New Jersey,” issued 
by the New Jersey Society of Sons of the American Revolution. 
The two latter works contain appropriate poems for recitation 
in connection with the representation of the events related 
Historical pictures and literature may be found at the Newark 
Free Public Library and in other libraries throughout New 
Jersey. 

The Committee on Independence Day Celebrations has col¬ 
lected for lending the following material, which may be obtained 
upon application to the Sub-Chairman: 

A dialogue for ten boys entitled “Rally ’Round the Flag.” 

“Hymn for Independence Day.” 

“The Deacon and the Lime,” by Dr. George Duffield (an 
incident showing the faith and courage of Deacon Davis of the 
First Presbyterian Church of Bloomfield, in 1797). 

The following poems by Charles D. Platt (not included in 
his book) :— 

“Uncle Jeremiah on Independence Day.” 

“The Roll Call of the Minute Men.” 

“The Old First Church” (Morristown, N. J.). 

“The Sun Dial" (Memorial Hospital, Morristown). 

“The Old Academy Bell.” 

The Sabbath ’ (an instance of fidelity to conviction in the 
early colonial life of Newark, N. J.). 

A list of the historical slides to be obtained from the Daugh¬ 
ters of the Revolution of New Jersey. 

A collection of pictures showing historical scenes and floats. 


Booklets descriptive of Fourth of July celebrations may be 
obtained from the Department of Child Hygiene of the Russell 
Sage Foundation, 1 Madison Ave., New York City. 

Persons desiring further information or advice with refer¬ 
ence to an historical pageant may communicate with Mr. William 
Chauncy Langdon, Secretary of the Bureau of American Pa¬ 
geantry, 400 Metropolitan Tower, New York City. 

9 



grUrtimtu front Nr to 3rrBry history 
for pageantry 


Scenes Among the Lenni-Lenapi Indians:— 

1. A legislative council. Indians sitting in a circle upon 
the ground, wrapped in blankets whose striped borders are visi¬ 
ble; others in skins; brown necks and arms bare; a brave whose 
head-dress contains many feathers stands within the circle as 
if speaking; two, three or four feathers project from the straight 
black hair of each of the others; brass rings suspended from 
ears; strings of large beads representing wampum worn as neck¬ 
laces, bracelets and belt decorations, one Indian wearing purple 
and white beads, others blue and white, others black and white; 
moccasins; canoes and paddles in the background. 

2. A domestic scene. Indian hut or wigwam; a squaw 
pounding corn in a mortar made of a hollow section of a tree, 
with pestle of stone or wood; another grinding it between flat 
stones; a cloven stick driven into the ground before a fire as a 
spit, meat roasting upon it; another spit holding fish; a squaw 
turning these spits that the meat may be evenly done; another 
making cakes of meal to bake before the fire; a papoose and 
children playing. 

3. A war dance. This may be given by about fifteen boys 
in khaki Indian suits, with wigs of straight black hair, head- 
gear with feathers, moccasins and Indian decorations. One 
named War Eagle has two cow’s horns fiercely pointing upward 
from a hoodlike cap with pendant strips of khaki and many 
feathers; quivers, bows and arrows (no shooting permissible); 
water colors as war paint. 

The braves enter in Indian file, giving war whoop, accom¬ 
panied by tom-tom and rattles; they seat themselves in a circle 
for a moment; one starts a war chant, then all jump to their 
feet and dance, stamping the feet, swaying the body and arms 
and distorting the face in an ever increasing frenzy till, one 
after another, all have dropped from apparent exhaustion. 
Squaws in the background may be engaged in their usual occu¬ 
pations, 


10 



4. DeVries in Dutch costume receiving Indians, who play 
flutes, rattles and tom-toms for his entertainment, some clad in 
blankets, some in furs, others wearing jackets taken from 
Englishmen. 

5. DeVries on Dutch vessel warned by squaw of danger. 

6. DeVries refusing to allow savages to board his vessel. 

7. Friendly visit of Indians afterward to DeVries, holding 
council on deck of boat and bringing gifts of skins. 

8. Landing of Henry Hudson at Bergen Point (in 1609) ; 
his friendly reception by Hackensack Indians, to whom he pre¬ 
sents beads, axes, hoes and stockings; the savages spread two 
mats for their guests to sit upon, and bring them food in red 
wooden bowls, also oysters, corn, wheat, beans, dried currants 
and tobacco. 

9. Second visit of Hudson; Indians wearing the axe-heads 
and hoe-blades as ornaments on their breasts and using the stock¬ 
ings as tobacco pouches; Hudson and his men place handles in 
axes and hoes; they show the savages how to cut down trees, dig 
the ground, and the proper use of stockings, which causes laugh¬ 
ter among the Indians. 

10. Scene at Bergen (now in Jersey City). Dutch settlers 
buying from Indians all of Staten Island, Hoboken and Jersey 
City for a few coats, hats, guns and groceries. 

11. Dutch merchants exchanging with Indians strings of 
blue glass beads, and strips of red cotton material for skins of 
otter, beaver and mink, also presenting them with two jews- 
harps, which the savages at once learn to play with delight. 

A typical costume of a Dutchman would be a long skirted 
coat and knickerbockers of cinnamon cloth trimmed with silver 
lace, a red waistcoat, a white ruffled shirt, dove colored hose and 
shoes with large silver buckles. Over his large wig, a wide 
brimmed steeple-crowned hat of black felt with band of gold lace. 

12. Penelope Stout in plain Dutch dress with white cap, ill, 
creeping over the ground in a forest in search of food; two In¬ 
dians with tomahawks excitedly appear; one threatens her life, 
the other rescues her and carries her away on his back. 

13. Indian wigwam made of bark, reeds and skins stretched 
over limbs of trees; Penelope lying upon a mat, cared for by 
squaws, who bring her water in calabash, or bowl, to drink; 

11 


her rescuer sitting near smoking calumet; primitive pottery and 
kettles, a large spoon made of calabash or wood, baskets of maize 
and beans scattered about. 

14. Penelope and two children on their farm at Middle- 
town, receiving visit from her Indian deliverer to warn of dan¬ 
ger. Her husband, appearing afterward refuses to believe 
the story. 

15. Flight of Penelope and her children in a canoe. 

16. Richard Stout and neighbors with guns repelling at¬ 
tack of Indians, who creep stealthily near, then spring upon them 
with war whoops, bows, arrows and tomahawks; a treaty of 
peace following. 

17. Return of Penelope and children to their home. 

18. Samuel Edsall, an English trader, arranging with the 
wise and just Oraton and other Hackensack Indians for the pur¬ 
chase of land which is now a large part of Essex County, includ¬ 
ing Newark; articles given in payment were wampum, coats, 
trousers, blankets, axes, hoes, knives, bars of lead, guns, pistols, 
swords, powder, kettles and barrels of liquor. 

19. Purchase of a tract of land between that above men¬ 
tioned and the Orange Mountains from Indians Winnocksop 
and Shenoctos for two guns, three coats and thirteen cans of 
liquor. 

20. William Penn and eleven other Friends purchasing New 
Jersey land from Indians (see well known picture of “Penn’s 
Treaty,” by Benjamin West). 

21. William Penn entertained by Indians. He sits with 
them on the ground, eating of their roasted acorns and hominy; 
they show him how they hop and jump, at which Penn springs 
up and out-dances them all, to the extreme gratification of 
the braves. 

Other Events Previous to Revolutionary War:— 

1. A woodland scene in which the Swedish Elizabeth of 
royal lineage is wooed by the hunter, Garrison; a hogshead in 
background to suggest her journey to America as a stowaway. 

2. The landing of Carteret in New Jersey (see Howard 
Pyle’s mural painting of this subject in Essex County Court 
House, Newark). 


12 


3. Robert Treat and two other Puritans visiting Gov. Car¬ 
teret at Elizabethtown to arrange for the settlement of a Puritan 
colony at Newark. 

4. The first church of Newark, a nearly square log struc¬ 
ture with cupola upon center of roof, in which stood two men 
with guns during service, also two small towers on diagonally 
opposite corners, each guarded by a man; men, women and 
children in Puritan costumes assembling, each man bearing a 
gun; the Rev. Abraham Pierson, first pastor. 

5. An early town meeting of Newark; Captain Robert 
Treat, Rev. Abraham Pierson and other men called together by 
beating of large drums upon the street; the drummers and other 
citizens wear tall crowned hats with broad brims rolled slightly 
up on each side, jackets belted and with rolling collars, knee 
trousers, long stockings, low shoes with large buckles; some wear 
also half length capes falling back from the shoulders; a row of 
bee hives in the rear, with climbing roses or other flowers, sug¬ 
gestive of a custom of that town. 

6. A negro slave leaving his plow and bringing a heavy 
greenish stone to Arent Schuyler, on his estate (now in Arling¬ 
ton) ; this is found to be copper ore; Schuyler asks the man to 
name the three things he most desires, which shall be granted 
as a reward for his discovery; the slave requests first, that he 
may remain with his master as long as he shall live; second, 
that he may have all the tobacco he can smoke; third, that he 
may wear a dressing gown like his master's with big buttons. 
“Oh! ask for something of value!” exclaims Schuyler. The 
negro thoughtfully hesitates, then adds “Please give me a little 
more tobacco !” 

Schuyler wears a silk or velvet cap, dressing gown of gay 
flowered material with brass buttons, knickerbockers, striped silk 
stockings; his hair powdered and queue tied with a black ribbon. 
The slave wears a short blue coat and black pantaloons. 

7. The Honorable Josiah Hornblower, who erected the 
first steam engine of America at Schuyler copper mine (now at 
North Arlington), drilling his miners for military service. He 
was tall and of commanding presence, clad in farmer's attire. 

8. A model of the octagonal stone church with belfry, 
built in 1680 at Bergen. This may be placed on float trimmed 

13 


with orange, white and blue, the colors of Holland, and with 
bunches of corn in the ear to suggest the maize land of Bergen. 
Within this building, men occupied pews placed around the wall; 
the women, chairs in the center space; the pulpit was high above 
the congregation; below and in front of the pulpit were a pew 
and desk for the voorleezer, Engelbert Stuynhuysen, who led 
the singing and conducted service in the absence of a clergyman. 
The Rev. Casparus Van Zunven, who preached the dedicatory- 
sermon, and other Dutch settlers may be impersonated. 

9. Engelbert Stuynhuysen, first schoolmaster as well as 
voorleezer, instructing children in reading, writing, spelling, 
arithmetic, and the catechism in the early school of Bergen. 

10. Scene from “The Theologian’s Tale” in Longfellow’s 
“Tales of a Wayside Inn,” part III, representing Elizabeth Had- 
don of Haddonfield, charming in her simple gray gown and in 
her stately colonial residence. 

11. A primitive four horse stage coach; passengers within 
and above. 

12. Early days at Queen’s College (now Rutgers). 

13. Early days at College of New Jersey at Elizabeth¬ 
town; later at Princeton. Rev. Mr. Dickinson, first president, 
an usher and twenty students; Aaron Burr, second president. 

14. The New Jersey Assembly passing resolutions in effort 
to secure repeal of Stamp Act; Sons of Liberty in background 
with flag containing seven red and six white horizontal bars, a 
serpent stretched diagonally across them, and the motto, “Don’t 
tread on me.” 

15. Sons of Liberty of New Jersey with flag described 
above, calling on a stamp officer and requiring him to write a 
letter of resignation. 

16. Gathering of patriots at Essex County Court House, 
Newark, to protest against the refusal of Gov. Franklin to sum¬ 
mon Colonial Legislature for the choosing of delegates to first 
Continental Congress at Philadelphia; a circular letter prepared 
to all counties of New Jersey asking for delegates to a Conven¬ 
tion at New Brunswick (first blow for liberty). 

17 . The Jersey Tea Party. Tea landed from vessel called 
the “Greyhound” and stored in cellar of a small house at 
Greenwich. 


14 


18. Men, disguised in old clothing and as Indians, carry 
chests from cellar to field, splitting them open and emptying tea 
into large heaps. (Chopped hay may be used to represent tea.) 

19. Bonfire of tea. “Tea Stacks” surreptitiously filling his 
pockets and trouser legs with tea until they protrude, as he 
assists in piling fuel on the fire; the bulging of his clothing dis¬ 
covered by his companions, who compel him to disgorge and 
soundly whip him for his inconsistency. 

Events of the Revolution :— 

1. Signing the Declaration of Independence; the five New 
Jersey representatives in prominent places; ringing of church 
bells afterward, proclaiming liberty. 

2. The following New Jersey signers driving together or 
in friendly conference:—Abraham Clark of Elizabethtown; 
Francis Hopkinson of Bordentown, writer of patriotic songs; 
Richard Stockton, a learned statesman of Princeton; Rev. John 
Witherspoon, president of Princeton College, 1768; John Hart of 
Hopewell, a modest farmer with strong intellect and rare wisdom, 
elected speaker of the House in the first New Jersey Legislature. 

3. Two young men of Elizabeth crossing Kills in a canoe 
on the night of July Fourth, 1776, to fire upon the British (first 
skirmish after the Declaration). 

4. Washington’s retreat; troops crossing bridge over the 
river at Passaic; Mr. Post with axe in hand waiting to cut down 
the bridge, to prevent pursuit by the British. Washington and 
officers in uniforms of blue and buff; the rank and file wear va¬ 
ried suits, green, blue and brown coats, with trimmings of differ¬ 
ent hues, buckskin or black knickerbockers, some with cocked 
and some with round hats with feathers. 

5. A conference at the parsonage of the First Church of 
Newark (Presbyterian) during this retreat, between the pastor, 
Rev. Alexander Macwhorter, Gov. Livingston and Gen Wash¬ 
ington, at which the Governor greatly encourages Washington, 
promising all aid in his power. The Rev. Macwhorter afterward 
accompanies the General on his journey and later assists him to 
plan the capture of Trenton. 

6. A conference between Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, 
Rutledge and Lord Howe, September 11th, 1776. At Howe’s 

15 


request the three statesmen are sent by the Continental Congress 
to discuss the possibility of peace, and are conveyed in Howe’s 
barge, under a flag of truce, from Perth Amboy to Staten 
Island. They are received by Howe upon landing and conducted 
through his guards to the house of Colonel Billop. The terms 
there offered by Howe cannot honorably be accepted. Franklin 
heroically determines that war must continue. This scene a 
crisis in the struggle, and hallowed by the spirit of self-sacrifice 
and loyalty to duty (see Whitehead’s History of Perth Amboy). 

7. General Charles Lee taken prisoner at Basking Ridge 
Inn as he leisurely writes a letter; his guards without, running 
in every direction, chased by redcoats. 

8. “Light Horse Harry” Lee and his men at Paulus Hook 
(Jersey City) surprising sleeping sentinels before the British 
garrison, dragging soldiers from their beds at night and taking 
them away as captives. 

9. Washington writing at his table with quill pen, quaint 

inkstand and books, while he engages John Honeyman of Griggs- 
town as a spy. 

10. Honeyman in farmer’s garb, tall and fine looking, join¬ 
ing the British army. 

11. Honeyman as Tory butcher, captured by American 
pickets and brought before General Washington. 

12. A private interview between Washington and Honey¬ 
man. 

13. Honeyman taken by guards to log cabin and imprisoned ; 
soldiers on guard. 

14. Guards called away to extinguish a fire; Honeyman’s 
escape. 

15. His excited return to the British. 

16. Mrs. Honeyman and children at their home threatened 
by enraged patriots and bringing forth a letter of protection from 
Gen. Washington; reading of this document (see “Stories of 
New Jersey,” by Stockton). 

17. Washington’s friendly visit to Honeyman and family 
after the war. 

18. Captain Daniel Bray, a powerfully built and imposing 
Scotchman, in military uniform, with boats which he gathered 

for the. crossing of Washington and his troops over the Dela¬ 
ware River. 


16 


19. Washington crossing the Delaware. 

20. Hessians under Colonel Halle making merry at Trenton 
with cards, wine and dancing on Christmas night; Penelope Pen- 
wick in her short waisted satin gown and slippers, and with a 
red rose in her fingers, dancing with them. 

21. Washington surprising and capturing Hessians, secur¬ 
ing also small arms and cannon. 

22. Mrs. Jinnie Waglum, in soldier’s hat and coat, on horse¬ 
back, heading the Continental army as guide on the march from 
Trenton to Princeton. 

23. Washington among his troops in winter quarters at 
Morristown; a soldier’s hut built of logs, the spaces between 
them plastered with Jersey clay, the roof covered with hewn 
slabs, the chimney of similar timbers covered within and without 
with clay, doors and windows made by sawing out portions of 
the wall, which are hinged and left in their places; a number of 
bunks within, one above another, filled with straw; one blanket 
for each soldier; sections of logs as substitutes for chairs; rough 
camp stools, a table on which are a pail or pitcher of water, tin 
cups, pewter dishes, bread and cheese; a basket of nuts on the 
floor; a kettle over fire built between four large stones placed at 
right angles to each other; two soldiers ill in their bunks; Wash¬ 
ington visits them and gives remedies; other soldiers sitting in 
group, cheered by their commander. Washington and his officers 
wear Continental uniforms of blue and buff; soldiers are clad in 
coarse hunting shirts, rough and tattered linsey woolsey suits, 
some with overalls. 

V 

24. Mrs. Washington arriving in a coach with four horses; 
grooms and postillions in livery of scarlet and white; the Com- 
mander-in-Chief welcoming her. 

25. Ladies calling upon Mrs. Washington at Morristown. 
In plain attire with striped apron she receives them graciously, 
busily knitting as she entertains. 

26. Rhoda Farrand riding in a chair on the farm wagon, 
knitting a stocking, her son driving; they pause before a house, 
telling friends of the soldiers’ need of footwear. 

27. Women knitting many stockings, maidens also carding 
wool and spinning. 

28. Women bringing a large number of long stockings of 

17 


varied colors, black, brown, blue, gray and white, to Rhoda. 

29. Rhoda driving in ox-wagon to the camp at Morristown, 
bringing stockings to almost shoeless and barefoot soldiers, who 
greet her joyfully; Washington also expressing his gratitude. 

30. Captain Thompson’s wife at Mendham, ladling out hot 
mush from her big kettle to the hungry troops as they march 
past her door. 

31. Tempe Wicke on her steed, cantering from soldiers who 
gaze in surprise at her disappearance. 

32. The negro troops who fought valiantly under Colonel 
Green in the battle of Red Bank (opposite Philadelphia), hold¬ 
ing at bay the Hessians under Count Donop and causing their 
retreat. 

33. The first raising upon land of the Colonial flag (thirteen 
stars in a circle, as made by Betsy Ross), which occurred in 1777 
at Middlebrook (now Bound Brook). 

34. Washington’s birthday celebration in 1779 at the Van 
Veghten house near Somerville; distinguished guests; Washing¬ 
ton dancing the minuet with his fair hostess, Mrs. Greene. His 
evening dress was of black velvet, with knee and shoe buckles, 
and a steel rapier; his hair thickly powdered and gathered into 
a black silk bag adorned with a rosette; his officers were uni¬ 
formed in blue and buff with red waistcoats, buckskin knicker¬ 
bockers and white belts, carrying cocked hats of black felt bound 
with white tape; the ladies wore satin bodices with low necks, 
elbow sleeves with flowing lace; arms bare with bracelets and 
fans; full skirts with trains; long curls pendant from hair. 

35. Gen. and Mrs. Washington entertaining during their 
abode at the Wallace House, Somerville; bright rag carpets, an¬ 
tique mirrors, branching candlesticks, a fireplace, blue and white 
china. Among their guests, Mrs. John Jay and the Misses Katy 
and Betsy Livingston, three daughters of Gov. Livingston. 

Ladies’ gowns: white lawn, festooned with green ribbons, 
over hoop skirt, a dressy white cap with long lace lappets and two 
white plumes; necklace with locket, ear-rings; green morocco 
slippers; another, a blue skirt with blue and white calico over¬ 
dress ; a white cap with straw colored ribbon upon it and on the 
breast; white slippers; also a sapphire blue dress trimmed with 
broad black lace; a white cap with blue flowers and blue and 

18 


black feathers; black slippers; another; a white satin skirt bor¬ 
dered with narrow black velvet ribbon; an overdress of white 
flowered in gay colors. 

36. Grand review and military parade at Bound Brook in 
honor of IVfonsieur Gerard and Don Juan de Mfiralles, the envoys 
of France and Spain; a decorated grand stand on which sit the 
guests; Mrs. Washington, Mrs. Knox, Mrs. Greene, the Stock- 
tons from Princeton, the Livingstons and Clarks from Elizabeth¬ 
town, the Stirlings from Basking Ridge and the Lotts from Mor¬ 
ristown arrive in carriages; fine dress a feature; Don Juan de 
Miralles wears a suit of crimson with gold aiguillette, M. Gerard 
an embroidered coat rich with jewels and foreign decorations; 
flying banners, pacing sentinels, music of drums, fife and trum¬ 
pets; among the uniformed and mounted officers are Gen. Wash¬ 
ington, Major “Light Horse Harry” Lee (with his legions of 
Virginians clad in green and white with nodding plumes and 
clanking sabres, superbly horsed), Generals Greene, Knox, 
Wayne, and Muhlenburg (the latter on a white charger), Col. 
Alexander Hamilton and Baron Steuben. The infantry and ar¬ 
tillery form on two sides of a spacious field; the Commander-in- 
Chief, officers and foreign envoys pass in review before the 
troops, receiving due military honors; they then dismount and 
with the guests witness the field manoeuvers of the army; in 
conclusion, the troops pass the reviewing stand, paying the 
marching salute, amid cheers of spectators. The review being 
over, the generals, their staffs and distinguished guests ride to 
the Staats House (across the Raritan River), the headquarters 
of Baron Steuben, who entertains them at a bountiful repast 
spread in a marquee under the trees. 

37. Gen. Washington dining as guest of Gen. Lafayette be¬ 
neath an apple tree in the rear of the Van Wagnen homestead 
at Bergen. 

38. Scene at the mansion of Lord and Lady Stirling at 
Basking Ridge. Marriage of their daughter Lady Kitty to 
Colonel Durer; on the lawn beneath a cedar tree they receive the 
congratulations of Gov. Livingston (her uncle), soldiers in uni¬ 
form and other guests. Men in velvet or satin garments of crim¬ 
son, blue, green or purple, with gold or silver lace and frills, 
knickerbockers, silk stockings, pointed shoes with buckles, pow- 

19 


dered wigs, queues, with cocked hats carried in the hand or under 
the arm, gold or silver snuff boxes, gold headed canes. Ladies 
in brocaded silk polonaises and satin petticoats, large round hats 
with streaming feathers, or white caps, gay ear-pendants, their 
hair powdered and puffed and faces patched; others in white 
dimity bordered with chintz; the bride in white with white 
slippers. 

39. Mrs. Morris, a Quaker lady of Burlington, concealing 
the Tory, Rev. Jonathan Odell, in the room known as the “auger 
hole,” her two boys assisting; the house afterward searched by 
Continental soldiers without discovering the refugee. 

40. Mrs. Morris on a visit to sick patriot soldiers, carrying 
a basket of food and medicines. 

41. Interior of Dutch home at Bergen. A fireplace with 
andirons and logs, waffle-irons, kettles, pewter and earthen dishes; 
antique clock and books; rush bottomed chairs; a table set with 
Delft ware; ladies sewing and knitting, who wear gowns of blue 
and gold or brown over black petticoats, crimson stockings, mo¬ 
rocco or black shoes, scissors, pincushions and large pockets 
fashioned of patchwork and containing material for their work, 
suspended from girdles; the good Vrouw and a young daughter 
serve tea, gingerbread and hoe-cakes to their companions, when 
suddenly a band of Tories rushes into the dwelling, alarming its 
occupants, seizing provisions, utensils and furniture, with which 
they flee. 

42. Tories lying in wait for Bergen residents as they return 
from market and confiscating their money and goods. 

43. Captain Eliakim Littell and his company of volunteers, 
the “Jersey Blues,” of Essex County, in homemade frocks and 
trousers of bright blue material. 

44. Mutiny of New Jersey regulars at Pompton, caused 
by privation and suffering; three leaders of the revolt tried and 
condemned, to enforce discipline. 

45. The minute men of Newark fighting bands of Hessians 
or Tories from behind fence or wall. 

46. Ann Halsted of Elizabethtown, wearing her father’s hat 
and coat over her own dress, hiding in thicket with musket aimed 
at redcoats. 

47. Molly Pitcher clad in red skirt, an artillery man’s coat 

20 


and a cocked hat with feathers, firing her cannon at the battle of 
Monmouth ; flags in background. 

48. Dilapidated and powder-stained Molly honored by Gen 
Washington afterward. 

49. Parson Caldwell of Elizabethtown in suit of black cloth 
with straight cut coat, knickerbockers, knee buckles, black silk 
stockings, and white linen, bringing armfuls of hymn books to 
soldiers at the battle of Springfield, shouting, “Give ’em Watts!” 

50. The first Ladies’ Aid Society of America, at Trenton, 
formed to raise funds for the suffering army; Mrs. Cox, Mrs. 
Dickenson, Mrs. Forman and Miss Cadwallader, a committee 
appointed to correspond with ladies throughout the State with 
reference to subscriptions. 

51. The Essex County Committee of Relief, consisting of 
Mrs. Livingston (wife of Gov. Livingston), Mrs. Elisha Boudi- 
not, Mrs. William Burnet and Mrs. Josiah Hornblower, gathered 
to plan assistance for the country’s defenders. 

52. Similar associations in other places; New Jersey nurses 
ready for hospital service, in plain white gowns, bright red capes, 
black veils encircling their heads like hoods. 

53. A nurse on the field kneeling with the head of a wound¬ 
ed soldier in her lap; another nurse bandaging his arm. 

54. Washington outwitting Clinton. Wishing to attack 
Cornwallis before aid can reach him, Washington plans to keep 
Clinton and his troops in New York. He secures as messenger, 
Montagnie, a young Baptist minister, who sews into the lining of 
his coat a dispatch from Washington addressed to the officer in 
command at Morristown, with the order, “Prepare to strike New 
York.” He directs the young man to go by way of the dangerous 
Ramapo Pass. The carrier ventures to suggest a safer route, 
whereupon Washington stamps his foot in anger, declaring it 
“his duty to obey, not to suggest plans” to his superior! The 
preacher is captured at Ramapo Pass by a gang of cowboys, as 
Washington had hoped, and imprisoned (in New York). The 
concealed letter is discovered and taken to Clinton, who then pre¬ 
pares to defend New York, leaving Washington free to win the 
great victory over Cornwallis. 

55. Scene of thanksgiving following the surrender of Corn¬ 
wallis ; many characters of the preceding scenes assembling, with 

21 


repeated shouts of “Cornwallis is taken!” Singing of America 
in chorus. 

56. Triumphal reception of Washington at Trenton April, 
1789. An arch of flowers and evergreens erected on bridge over 
Assunpink Creek bearing the inscription in gold “The Defender 
of the Mothers will be the Protector of the Daughters,” and 
above it a gold star over the date, December 26, 1776. Beneath 
this ride Washington and his officers on horseback; grouped on 
each side are six young girls and thirteen young women dressed 
in white (tight fitting bodices, short flowing sleeves, and full 
skirts), with garlands of flowers about their heads and baskets 
filled with flowers upon their arms; behind them stand twenty- 
two matrons, also in white. As Washington pauses beneath the 
arch the young girls sing the following ode:— 

“Welcome mighty chief once more,— 

Welcome to this grateful shore; 

Now no mercenary foe 
Aims at thee the fatal blow, 

Aims at thee the fatal blow. 

“Virgins fair and matrons grave, 

These thy conquering arm did save, 

Build for thee triumphal bowers; 

Strew, ye fair, his way with flowers, 

Strew our hero’s way with flowers!” 

Washington and his officers remove their hats during the 
singing; at its close, flowers from the baskets are strewn before 
them. Three cheers are then given to Washington. (See Raum’s 
History of New Jersey.) 

Other Impersonations:— 

1. Mrs. Kinney, who founded the first Sunday Schools of 
Newark, a young woman of fine appearance, wearing a plain 
gown whose low neck is filled with a white kerchief, a white cap 
with plaited frills about the face, bows of muslin above and two 
long streamers of muslin at the back (may be represented driving 
with Mrs. Washington). 

2. Mrs. Patience Wright of Bordentown, the first American 
sculptor, in gray Friend’s costume, modelling in clay or wax a 

22 


small portrait bust or relief of Gen. Washington. 

3. Other famous New Jersey women in group. 

4. John Fitch of Trenton, who built the first steamboat in 
1787, which navigated New Jersey waters twenty years before 
the construction of Robert Fulton’s “Clermont.” 

5. Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail, who sent the first tele¬ 
gram ever transmitted through wire, at the Iron Works of Speed¬ 
well, near Morristown (represented with telegraphic instruments 
or coils of wire arranged in a decorative manner). 

6. Moses Combs, first manufacturer, and founder of one 
of the earliest free schools in the United States, the first in which 
manual training was employed (shown in the act of making boots 
and shoes; clad in a red and green jacket, trousers of striped 
ticking and a leather apron). 

7. Seth Boyden, whose statue at Washington Park, New¬ 
ark, is near the spot where stood his foundry. He was the first 
to make patent leather, and, on July 4th, 1826, discovered a 
process of making malleable iron. 

8. Thomas A. Edison, of West Orange, with equipments 
suggestive of his many inventions, including a brilliant electric 
display. 

9. Philip Freneau of Monmouth County, poet of the Ameri¬ 
can Revolution, whose verses encouraged the patriots during that 
struggle. 

10. Walt Whitman, the poet, in his later years at Camden, 
with snow white hair, long flowing beard and mustache, in work¬ 
ing man’s garb, a checked cotton blouse open at the throat and a 
slouch-hat, sitting in a wheeled rattan chair. 

11. The first schoolmaster of Deckertown (1833), instruct¬ 
ing his solitary pupil (a boy) in a little log cabin, by means of a 
horn-book (made by pasting a piece of paper containing the alpha¬ 
bet and words for spelling upon a board and covering it with a 
transparent sheet of horn or glass to preserve it). 

12. Major-General Philip Kearny, whose heroism saved 
the National Capital during the Civil War and who died in the 
service of his country. He may be represented on horseback, or 
in his home, Kearny Castle (in the town of Kearny), surrounded 
by objects of art and draperies in which his favorite color, yellow, 
predominates; his left sleeve empty, as that arm had been shat- 

23 


/ 


tered in the Mexican War and amputated. 

13. Brigadier-General Theodore Runyon of Newark, who 
rendered valuable service in the Civil War and for whom Fort 
Runyon on the Potomac was named. 

14. Commodore Robert F. Stockton of the United States 
Navy and Stephen Kearny of the land forces, who added Califor¬ 
nia to the United States by their victories in the war with Mexico. 

15. The Indian Schawriskhehung (Wilted Grass), known 
also as Bartholomew Calvin, educated at Princeton College and 
chief of the Edge-Pillock tribe who had removed from this State. 
He may be represented as visiting the New Jersey Legislature 
(in 1832) asking that the State buy all rights to game and fish 
on the lands which his people had previously sold to its citizens. 
An extract from his letter given in “Stories of New Jersey,” by 
Stockton, page 40, in praise of the justice with which the white 
people had dealt with his race, may be repeated. 

16. Indian Ann of Mt. Holly, the last of the Lenni-Lenapi, 
who lived until 1894, tall, old and bent, with copper colored skin 
and straight black hair hanging about her shoulders, with an axe 
in her hand and a portion of a tree, which she had felled, at her 
feet. 


24 


*3 


SOME OF THE MATERIAL AVAILABLE 



No, 31 A Safer, Saner Fourth of July. 
55 Our Barbarous Fourth 


A;: 

Mrs. Isaac L. Rice 


60 A Sane and Patriotic Fourth Mrs, Isaac L, Rice 


62 Fourth of July Injuries and Tetanus 

American Medical Association 
68 Celebrating Independence Day 

August H; Brunner 

“ 70 Independence Day Celebrations 

Gulick, Orr, Gardner and Hanmer 

“ 97 A Safe and Patriotic Fourth of July 

Mrs, Wallace J, Pileger 


This material may be had on application to the 
Department of Child Hygiene of the Russell Sage 
Foundation, 400 Metropolitan Tower, New York City, 






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